module appendixA/spanning pred isTree [r: univ->univ] { // You have to fill in the appropriate formula here } pred spans [r1, r2: univ->univ] { // You have to fill in the appropriate formula here } pred show [r, t1, t2: univ->univ] { spans [t1,r] and isTree [t1] spans [t2,r] and isTree [t2] t1 != t2 } run show for 3